Sent to the Japan Times
(March 28).
"Disappointing levels
of English" (March 28) reveals a disappointing knowledge of language
acquisition research and theory. A large
body of research done in many different situations over the last four decades
strongly suggests that our ability to speak and write does not come from
practicing speaking and writing, but comes from input, understanding what we
hear and read. Nevertheless, the Times'
editorial insists that English students need more practice in speaking and
writing.
The Times is free to disagree
with the "Comprehension Hypothesis," but is not free to ignore it.
Stephen Krashen
Professor Emeritus
University of Southern
California
Original article: Disappointing
levels of English
http://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2015/03/28/editorials/disappointing-levels-english#.VRc3_GZ9n1o
The education
ministry reported last month that high school English-proficiency scores fell
far short of its goals. That report will come as no surprise to most people in
Japan, but it is additional evidence that the English education system in Japan
is still in desperate need of reform.
The
test carried out last summer at 480 randomly selected public high schools found
that third-year high school students’ English skills in listening, speaking,
reading and writing were far below government targets. In each section, a
majority of students scored at or below the equivalent of Grade 3 on the Eiken
Test in Practical English Proficiency. The results were much lower than the
government’s hope of having 50 percent of high school graduates scoring at
Eiken Grade 2 or pre-2, the levels above Grade 3.
Students’
English proficiency was especially low on the more active, productive skills of
speaking and writing. On the exam, 29.2 percent of students scored zero on the
writing section and 13.3 percent also scored zero on the speaking portion. That
is even more disappointing considering that only 20 percent of students even
took the speaking portion at all. It is doubtful that the other 80 percent of
students would have performed any better.
The
difficulty with speaking and writing reveals once again that junior high and
high schools continue to teach English to pass university entrance exams,
instead of working toward students’ learning functioning and creative English.
Speaking and writing skills require a lot of consistent practice to be
acquired, even at lower levels. The students are not getting much practice in
speaking and writing.
Speaking
and writing must also be acquired in the context of realistic and useful
content. It is easier to understand how grammar, listening and even reading can
be learned through relatively passive methods with materials that have little
or no serious content.
However,
for students to really function in a language, they need active and regular
practice in producing meaningful, content-filled communication. Communication
that contains meaningful content connects language study with students’ innate
curiosity and motivates them to keep learning.
The disappointing results show those conditions have yet to take hold in
most public English classrooms.Unsurprisingly, in a related survey of students’ attitudes toward English, nearly 60 percent said they did not like studying English. Students do not need to be entertained or to love English. If they are challenged in age- and level-appropriate ways, they will likely be less resistant.
Students’ receiving a zero in writing or speaking is evidence of tremendous resistance.
Surely such tests do not reveal all the learning that has taken place in classrooms. But if the tests indicate anything, it is that much more basic reform is needed in Japan’s English language classrooms.
